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| Legale, Informatica, Mediazioni |
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| Area Consulenze Perugia |
Ristorante VALENTINA Cucina Cinese e Giapponese Tel. 075.9474577 Cell.338.3108985 V. Annibale Vecchi 30/G
PERUGIA
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On various occasions the popes found asylum from the tumults of Rome within its walls, and it was the
meeting-place of five conclaves, including those which elected Honorius III (1216), Clement IV (1285), Celestine V (1294), and Clement V (1305); the papal presence was characterized by a pacificatory rule between the internal rivalries.[16] But Perugia had no mind simply to subserve the papal interests and never accepted papal sovereignty: the city used
to exercise a jurisdiction over the members of the clergy, moreover in 1282 Perugia was excommunicated due to a new military
offensive against the Ghibellines regardless of a papal prohibition. In the other hand side by side with the thirteenth-century
bronze griffin of Perugia above the door of the Palazzo dei Priori stands, as a Guelphic emblem, the lion, and Perugia remained loyal for the most part to the Guelph party in the struggles of Guelphs and Ghibellines. However this dominant tendency was rather an anti-Germanic and Italian political strategy.[16] The Angevin presence in Italy appeared offer a counterpoise to papal powers: in 1319 Perugia declared the Angevin Saint
Louis of Toulouse "Protector of the city's sovereignty and of the Palazzo of its Priors"[17] and set his figure among the other patron saints above the rich doorway of the Palazzo dei Priori. At the half of the 14th century Bartholus of Sassoferrato, who was a renowned jurist, asserted that Perugia was dependent upon neither imperial nor papal support.[16] In 1347, at the time of Rienzi's unfortunate enterprise in reviving the Roman republic, Perugia sent ten ambassadors to pay him honour;
and, when papal legates sought to coerce it by foreign soldiers, or to exact contributions, they met with vigorous resistance,
which broke into open warfare with Pope Urban V in 1369; in 1370 the noble party reached an agreement signing the treaty of Bologna and Perugia was forced to accept a papal legate; however the vicar-general of the Papal States, Gérard du Puy, Abbot of Marmoutier and nephew of Gregory IX,[18] was expelled by a popular uprising in 1375, and his fortification of Porta Sole was razed to the ground.[19]. Civic peace was constantly disturbed in the fourteenth century by struggles between the party representing the people
(Raspanti) and the nobles (Beccherini). After the assassination in 1398 of Biordo Michelotti, who had made himself lord of Perugia, the city became a pawn in the Italian Wars, passing to Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1400), to Pope Boniface IX (1403), and to Ladislas of Naples (1408-14) before it settled into a period of sound governance under the Signoria of the condottiero Braccio da Montone (1416-24), who reached a concordance with the Papacy. Following mutual atrocities of the Oddi and the Baglioni
families, power was at last concentrated in the Baglioni, who, though they had no legal position, defied all other authority,
though their bloody internal squabbles culminated in a massacre, 14 July 1500[19]. Gian Paolo Baglioni was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by Leo X; and in 1540 Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by Pier Luigi Farnese, and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges. A citadel known as
the Rocca Paolina, after the name of Pope Paul III, was built, to designs of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger "ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam."[20]
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In 1797, the city was conquered by French troops. On 4 February 1798, the Tiberina Republic was formed, with Perugia as capital, and the French tricolour as flag. In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the Roman Republic. In 1832, 1838, 1854 and 1997 Perugia was visited by earthquakes; Following the collapse of the Roman republic of 1848-49, when the Rocca was in part demolished[19], in May 1849 it was seized by the Austrians. In the June of 1859 the hinabitants rebelled against the temporal authority
of the Pope and established a provisional government but the insurrection was bloodily defeated by Pius IX's troops[21]. In the September of 1860 the city was finally united, along with the rest of Umbria, to the Kingdom of Italy.
Perugia today: Perugia has become famous
for chocolate, mostly because of a single firm, Perugina, whose Baci (kisses) are widely exported[22]. Perugia chocolate is very popular in Italy[23], and the city hosts a chocolate festival in October of every year[24]. Perugia also hosts one of Europe's largest
jazz festivals in early July.In July 2007, Perugia hosted the International IUGG Assembly, a once per four year event that
is one of the largest gatherings of Earth scientists.Perugia today hosts two main universities, the ancient Università degli Studi and the Foreigners University (Università per Stranieri). Stranieri serves as an Italian language and culture school
for students from all over the world[25]. Other educational istitutions are the Perugia Fine Arts Academy "Pietro Vannucci" (founded in 1573), the
Perugia Music Conservatory for the study of classical music and the RAI Public Broadcasting School of Radio-Television Journalism[26]. The city is also host to the Umbra Institute, an accredited university program for American students studying abroad[27]. The Università dei Sapori (University of Tastes), a National centre for Vocational Education and Training
in Food, is located in the city as well[28].The city symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city. Main attractions: The Cathedral of S. Lorenzo. The Palazzo dei Priori (Town Hall, encompassing the Collegio del Cambio, Collegio della Mercanzia, and Galleria Nazionale), one of
Italy's greatest buildings[29].The Collegio del Cambio has frescoes by Pietro Perugino, while the Collegio della Mercanzia has a fine later 14th century wooden interior. Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, the National Gallery of Umbrian art in Middle Ages and Renaissance (it includes works by Duccio, Piero della Francesca, Beato Angelico, Perugino) Church and abbey of San Pietro (late 16th century). Basilica of San Domenico (begun in 1394 and finished in 1458). It is located in the place where, in Middle Ages times, the market and the horse fair were held, and where
the Dominicans settled in 1234. According to Vasari, the church was designed by Giovanni Pisano. The interior decorations were redesigned by Carlo Maderno, while the massive belfry was partially cut around mid-16th century. It houses examples of Umbrian art, including
the precious tomb of Pope Benedict XI and a Renaissance wooden choir. Church of Sant'Angelo (Founded in the 6th
century). Church of San Bernardino (with façade by Agostino di Duccio). Fontana Maggiore, a medieval fountain designed by Fra Bevignate and sculpted
by Nicolò and Giovanni Pisano. Church of San Severo, retains a fresco painted by Raphael[5] and Perugino. Ipogeo dei Volumni (Hypogeum of the Volumnus family), an Etruscan chamber
tomb National Museum of Umbrian Archaeology, where is conserved one of the longest inscription in Etruscan, the Cippus perusinus. Etruscan Arch (also known as Porta Augusta), an Etruscan gate with Roman elements. the Rocca
Paolina, a Renaissance fortress (1540-1543) of which only a bastion today is remaining. The original design was by Antonio and Aristotile da Sangallo, and included the Porta Marzia (3rd century BC), the tower of Gentile Baglioni's house and a mediaeval cellar. Centro Direzionale (1982-1986), an administration
civic center owned by the Umbria Region.The building was designed by the Pritzker Architecture prizewinner Aldo Rossi[30]. Other attractions : The Etruscan Well (Pozzo Etrusco). Medieval aqueduct. The Tribunali.
Piazza Matteotti Teatro Comunale Morlacchi. Church of Sant'
Agata. Church of Sant' Ercolano (early 14th century). Currently resembling a polygonal
tower, it had once two floors. The upper one was demolished when the Rocca Paolina was built. It includes Baroque decorations
commissioned from 1607. The main altar is made of a 4th sarcophagus found in 1609. Church of Sant'Antonio da Padova. Church of San Francesco al Prato. Church of Santa Giuliana,
heir of a female monastery founded in 1253, which in its later years gained a reputation for dissoluteness, until the French
turned it into a granary. It is now a military hospital. The church, with a single nave, has traces of the ancient frescoes
(13th century), which probably covered all the walls. The cloister is a noteworthy example of Cistercian architecture of the
mid-14th century, attributed to Matteo Gattapone. This is contemporary with the upper part of the campanile, whose base is from the 13th century. Church of San Michele Arcangelo (5th-6th centuries).
It is an example of Palaeo-Christian art with central plan recalling that of Santo Stefano Rotondo in Rome. It has 16 antique columns. Church of San Matteo in Campo Orto. Church
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